{"id":1364,"date":"2017-10-23T02:23:47","date_gmt":"2017-10-23T00:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.thailandee.com\/blog\/?p=1364"},"modified":"2018-10-22T03:08:04","modified_gmt":"2018-10-22T01:08:04","slug":"chulalongkorn-day-en-thailande","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailandee.com\/blog\/index.php\/1364-chulalongkorn-day-en-thailande","title":{"rendered":"Chulalongkorn Day en Tha\u00eflande"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tous les 23 octobre, c’est jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9 en Tha\u00eflande<\/a>, on f\u00eate le Jour de Chulalongkorn<\/a>\u00a0 (Wan Piyamaharaj)<\/em> en tha\u00ef,\u00a0 un des rois les plus respect\u00e9s du Royaume, le Roi Rama V (1853 – 1910).\u00a0Le roi Chulalongkorn a men\u00e9 plusieurs r\u00e9formes majeures en Tha\u00eflande, par exemple dans les domaines du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif tha\u00eflandais, des affaires militaires, des chemins de fer d’Etat et de la loi sur la lib\u00e9ration des esclaves sans effusion de sang en Tha\u00eflande.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Chulalongkorn<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Qui \u00e9tait le Roi Rama V ?<\/h2>\n

Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua de son son complet ou Rama V de son nom dynastique, le Roi Chulalongkorn a r\u00e9gn\u00e9 sur le Royaume de Siam de\u00a01873 \u00e0 1910. Son r\u00e8gne a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la modernisation du Siam avec d’immenses r\u00e9formes gouvernementales et sociales.<\/p>\n

C’est sous son r\u00e8gne que furent mis en place les services postaux (1885), le chemin de fer (1893), que furent fond\u00e9es la premi\u00e8re universit\u00e9, la premi\u00e8re \u00e9cole d’administration, \u00e9cole militaire et \u00e9cole navale, que fut aboli l’esclavage (1895) et que furent introduit les billets de banque (1902).<\/p>\n

Dans un contexte o\u00f9 ses voisins \u00e9taient colonis\u00e9s par Fran\u00e7ais et britanniques, Chulalongkorn, \u00e0 travers ses politiques et ses actes et notamment des cessions territoriales \u00e0 l’Empire britannique et \u00e0 l’Indochine fran\u00e7aise, a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 sauver le Siam de la colonisation.<\/p>\n

Il fut le premier roi \u00e0 entreprendre des voyages \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger, \u00e0 Singapour, en Inde et en Europe. On le pr\u00e9sente souvent comme le roi de l’ouverture sur l’occident. Il fut notamment re\u00e7u deux fois en France, en 1897 et 1907. Apr\u00e8s un r\u00e8gne de 42 ans, il mourut le 23\u00a0octobre\u00a01910.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Un des rois les plus aim\u00e9s de Tha\u00eflande?<\/h2>\n

Le roi Chulalongkorn est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des plus grands rois de Tha\u00eflande. Son r\u00e8gne a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un d\u00e9veloppement social et \u00e9conomique \u00e9tendu, un nationalisme tha\u00eflandais ardent,une habilet\u00e9\u00a0pour\u00a0emp\u00eacher la colonisation de la Tha\u00eflande en \u00e9tendant son amiti\u00e9 et en voyageant intens\u00e9ment dans des pays occidentaux comme l’Am\u00e9rique, la Grande-Bretagne, la France et la Russie.<\/p>\n

Mais c’est probablement\u00a0la loi sur l’abolition de l’esclavage\u00a0qui a fait de lui le grand roi aim\u00e9 de tous les habitants du Siam. Au d\u00e9but de son r\u00e8gne, plus d’un tiers de la population tha\u00eflandaise \u00e9tait des esclaves. Traditionnellement, les enfants d’esclaves devenaient \u00e9galement esclaves.<\/p>\n

Le roi a \u00e9galement modernis\u00e9 le gouvernement et rationalis\u00e9 l’administration du pays en le divisant en provinces et districts. Il a remplac\u00e9 le calendrier lunaire traditionnel par le calendrier occidental. Siam \u00e9tait un pays bouddhiste mais il a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que d’autres religions (y compris l’islam et le christianisme) devaient avoir la libert\u00e9 de pratiquer sans crainte de pers\u00e9cution. Les communications dans le pays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 grandement am\u00e9lior\u00e9es avec l’introduction des services postaux, du t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe et la construction du premier chemin de fer\u00a0en Tha\u00eflande (de Bangkok \u00e0 Ayutthaya).<\/p>\n

Il est le grand-p\u00e8re du roi Rama IX qui nous a quitt\u00e9 le 13 octobre 2016 dont les c\u00e9r\u00e9monies de cr\u00e9mation commencent dans 2 jours et fut probablement une grande source d’inspiration pour lui.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hommage de la population le 23 octobre<\/h2>\n

Beaucoup de Tha\u00eflandais montrent leurs respects pour le grand monarque en pla\u00e7ant des couronnes \u00e0 la Statue \u00e9questre le repr\u00e9sentant,\u00a0au Royal Plaza, dans le district de Dusit \u00e0 Bangkok.<\/span> Une grande partie de ce coin de Bangkok a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite pendant le r\u00e8gne du Roi Chulalongkorn et porte le m\u00e9lange architectural des styles tha\u00efs et europ\u00e9ens caract\u00e9ristiques de l’\u00e9poque.<\/span><\/p>\n

Outre le Royal Plaza, toutes les autres statues du roi Chulalongkorn tout autour du Royaume de Tha\u00eflande voient des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies \u00e0 plus petite \u00e9chelle. Ce sera notamment le cas \u00e0 Koh Phangan<\/a> au m\u00e9morial que je vous ai montr\u00e9 dans ma derni\u00e8re vid\u00e9o.<\/span>\u00a0La plupart des entreprises fonctionnent comme d’habitude mais les organisations gouvernementales et administrations sont ferm\u00e9es ce jour-l\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

A noter: le roman Anna et le Roi raconte notamment l’histoire Anna Leonowens, pr\u00e9ceptrice britannique \u00e0 la cour du Siam dans les ann\u00e9es 1860 qui s\u2019occupa de l’\u00e9ducation des enfants du roi Mongkut (Rama IV) dont Chulalongkorn.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tous les 23 octobre, c’est jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9 en Tha\u00eflande, on f\u00eate le Jour de Chulalongkorn\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-festivals-thailande"],"yoast_head":"\nChulalongkorn Day en Tha\u00eflande<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandee.com\/blog\/index.php\/1364-chulalongkorn-day-en-thailande\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chulalongkorn Day en Tha\u00eflande\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tous les 23 octobre, c’est jour 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